Centered on the theme of Geological Records of Early Earth Evolution and the Lithologic Foundation of the Great Wall Construction, this route integrates observations of typical stratigraphic sections, interpretation of the geological background of the Great Wall and hiking experiences. It highlights the significance of the Jixian Section as an international standard for stratigraphic correlation, and combines the Great Wall—a world cultural heritage—to reveal the profound connection between geology and human civilization. The route caters to the academic and experiential needs of geologists and geochemists. 1. Core Orientation and Design Philosophy Academic Theme: Stratigraphic sequences and sedimentary environments of the Middle-Upper Proterozoic; geological provenance and durability of stone materials used in the Great Wall construction. Design Logic: Construct a comprehensive geological and cultural excursion itinerary following the sequence of classic section observation (strati...

Centered on the theme of Geological Records of Paleoanthropic Living Environments and Sedimentary Processes in Karst Caves, this route links visits to paleoanthropic sites with karst cave investigations. It demonstrates the dual value of the Zhoukoudian area as the "cradle of geological science" and the "holy land of human evolution". Meanwhile, through the rich and colorful speleothems in Shihua Cave, it reveals the scientific connotations of groundwater geochemical processes and paleoclimatic reconstruction. The route caters to the academic interests and experiential needs of geologists and geochemists in Quaternary geology, paleoenvironmental reconstruction and karst geochemistry. 1. Core Orientation and Design Philosophy Academic Theme: Geochemical characteristics of speleothems and paleoenvironmental reconstruction; karst development processes and genetic mechanisms of speleothems; geological background of paleoanthropic activities and site protection. Design Logic: From "ancie...